Identify the correct statement with respect to normalization.

(A) Normalization is a formal technique that can be used only at the starting phase of the database design.
(B) Normalization can be used as a top-down standalone database design technique.
(C) The process of normalization through decomposition must achieve the dependency reservation property at any cost whereas the lossless join property is sometimes sacrificed.
(D) All of the above

Suppose there are 4 fields in a table named CUST (customer_id, first_name, last_name, phone). Which of the following gives all the information of the customers in the table whose last name is ALI?

(A) SELECT * FROM CUST WHERE last_name=’ALI’;
(B) SELECT * FROM CUST WHERE last_name=ALI;
(C) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE name=ALI;
(D) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE last_name=ALI;

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